That can result in severe pain and swelling, and abnormal flexibility of the joint in certain directions – depending on which ligaments have been damaged. When the knee is turned inwards, the cruciate ligaments wrap around each other to stabilize the joint in the direction it’s turned in.Īccidents, for instance while skiing or playing soccer, can cause the ligaments to tear. When the knee is bent, the medial and lateral collateral ligaments relax, and the cruciate ligaments help to support it. The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint of the body. The knee can hardly be turned or rotated at all in this position. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments stabilize the knee when the leg is straight. The posterior cruciate ligament runs from the front of the inner condyle to the back of the tibia.The anterior cruciate ligament runs from the back of the outer condyle to the front of the tibia.The lateral collateral ligament connects the outer sides of the femur and tibia bones.The medial collateral ligament connects the inner sides of the femur and tibia bones, and is also attached to the joint capsule.Two collateral (side) ligaments and two cruciate ligaments provide the knee joint with support and protect it from being twisted: So the knee has to be moved enough in order to keep the cartilage healthy. When the pressure is reduced, the cartilage absorbs nutrients from the fluid in the joint. The patellofemoral compartment is the compartment in the. When pressure is put on the knee, the cartilage releases waste products. The knee can be divided into three compartments: patellofemoral, medial and lateral compartment. In order for the fluid to enter the cartilage and for waste substances to be transported out, the knee needs to be moved and bear weight. Instead, synovial fluid in the articular (joint) capsule supplies the cartilage tissue with nutrients. There are no blood vessels in the cartilage. The patellofemoral joint occurs where the patella and the femur meet (behind the kneecap), and comprises the third compartment of the knee. The articular cartilage is 1 to 6 millimeters thick. The tibiofemoral joint, which is the main hinge joint of the knee, occurs where the femur meets the tibia, and includes an inner (medial) compartment and an outer (lateral) compartment. Tricompartmental osteoarthritis occurs when arthritis symptoms affect all. Healthy cartilage provides a well-lubricated surface that allows smooth, low-friction movement between the bones. Overview Symptoms Diagnosis Causes and risk factors Treatment Outlook The knee joint consists of three parts. The joint between the kneecap and its groove on the femur (patellofemoral compartment)Īll of the joint surfaces are covered with strong articular (joint) cartilage.The joint between the femur and tibia on the outer side of the knee (lateral compartment).The joint between the femur and tibia on the inner side of the knee (medial compartment).The three parts (compartments) of the knee joint are found where the joint surfaces of the femur, tibia, and the back of the kneecap meet:
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